 It is the part of the frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus, it plays a role in motor control.
It has been found that neurons that control, movement in the precentral gyrus are organized into an orderly map of muscles of the other side of the body. 

Precentral Gyrus

This fissure divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe (R)

Central Sulcus

The case of Theona, a 62-year-old woman, illustrates the effects of a stroke on the right frontal lobe. The damage resulted in both motor and behavioral deficits. She experienced difficulty moving her left leg, demonstrating the right hemisphere's control over the body's left side. Additionally, damage to her prefrontal cortex led to a loss of impulse control, evidenced by behavioral changes like eating unpaid items in a store, which highlights the prefrontal cortex's role in judgment and reasoning.

Case Study of Theona: Stroke in the Right Frontal Lobe

Brain imaging studies reveal structural and functional abnormalities in the frontal lobes of children with ADHD. This brain region, which is rich in dopamine, is crucial for inhibiting behavior. Compared to their peers without the disorder, children with ADHD tend to have a smaller frontal lobe volume and exhibit reduced activation in this area when performing mental tasks. These neurological differences are thought to be a key explanation for the hyperactive and uncontrolled behaviors characteristic of ADHD.

Frontal Lobe Abnormalities in ADHD

Based on the changes in behavior and cognitive function described in the case study, which major division of the brain is most likely damaged? Justify your answer by connecting the patient's specific symptoms to the known functions of that brain region.

Behavioral Changes After Injury

Located at the front of the brain and extending back to the central sulcus, the frontal lobe receives and coordinates signals from all senses. It is involved in a wide range of higher-order functions, including reasoning, motor control, emotion, language, impulse control, and cognitive tasks such as thinking, speech, and problem-solving. Key areas within the frontal lobe include Broca's area, the Prefrontal Cortex, and the Motor Cortex.

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Miami University of Ohio

Also known as just cortex, it is made of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and axons. 
Due to different anatomical and functional differences, the major cortical regions have been divided into 4 categories:
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe. 

They have been named after the bones of the skull that overlie them. There are boundaries between these lobes known as central and lateral sulcus. 

Any injuries that lead to impairment of the cortex can be dangerous 

Cerebral cortex

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

This is the large lateral cortical region of the cerebral hemisphere and is continuous with the parietal lobe

It is associated with processing auditory information, sense of smell and with some aspects of learning and memory 


Temporal lobe

This region of cortex lies between the frontal and occipital lobe of each cerebral cortex.
 
It receives sensory information from the body and is involved in spatial cognition


Parietal Lobe

This section of the cortex covers most of the posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere. 

It receives and processes information from the eyes (sense of vision).


Occipital Lobe

 Depending on the specific regions that have been affected, cortical damage can lead to impairment of movement or body sensations, speech impairment, memory problems, personality change and many different types of visual impairments

Impairment of the cortex

It’s a type of electric potential that comes from the neurons of the cerebral cortex.

Cortical Potential

Frontal Lobe

A neuroscientist is mapping the brain's surface. Which principle best explains the primary method for distinguishing the four major lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) of the cerebral cortex from one another?

A patient is admitted to the hospital after a construction accident where an object struck the top-rear portion of their head. A brain scan reveals localized damage to the convoluted, outer layer of the brain directly beneath the point of impact. The patient reports experiencing a strange loss of sensation in their left hand.

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