Typically, genetic females have XX chromosomes, while genetic males have XY chromosomes. Despite this difference in genetic make-up, there has been no research with humans confirming the influence of genes on behavioral differences between males and females.

Individuals who have sex chromosomes that deviate from typical chromosomal development are intersex. Intersex people are individuals who were born with external or internal gentalia different from their genetic sex, both genetic sexes, or develop partial external or internal genetalia asscociated with their genetic sex. Some intersex conditions have been linked to gender-typed behaviors. For example, genetic males born with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) tend to prefer stereotypically feminine interests.