Genes are specific sequences of DNA that provide the code for particular traits. These traits can be both physical and psychological characteristics, and their ultimate expression is determined by the interplay between genetics and environmental factors.

Genes

Genetics Library

Microbial genetics is the study of the microbial cell genetic storage in the form DNA and its mechanisms of replication and expression.

Microbial Genetics

- The study of heredity
- Much of the history of genetics is due to studies on microbial systems.
- The field of genetics was founded on the discovery of DNA and that it is the molecule required for heredity.

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Smith College

- Physical similarities caused by common ancestry 

Homology in Biology 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a helix-shaped molecule composed of nucleotide base pairs. It serves as the genetic material that constitutes long strings known as chromosomes.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Genetics

All mammal brains possess the same structures responsible for visual, auditory, and somatosensory processes, despite some variation in the specific dimensions and locations of these structures as species adapted to their unique environments. 

Homology of the Brain 

Genetic engineering involves editing and changing DNA from different organisms to observe specific phenotypes.

Genetic Engineering

- Nucleic Acid Probing
- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
- Southern Blots
- Microarray Analysis

Methods for Visualizing DNA

- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- DNA Sequencing

Amplification-Based DNA Analyses

A researcher is examining a double-stranded, helix-shaped molecule of genetic material. They determine that in a specific segment, 30% of the nucleotide bases are adenine. Based on the structural rules of how these bases pair together, what percentage of the bases in this segment should be guanine?

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