- infection of SARS-CoV-2 generally starts with attachment of the virus to cell-surface glycans such as heparan sulfate

State University of New York at Stony Brook

- Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are crucial for SARS-CoV-2 binding and infection 
- Low molecular weight heparins inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells is blocked by UF heparin and LMWH
- Heparan sulfates are required for transmission by primary dendritic cells
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycans Syndecan 1 and 4 are important for SARS-CoV-2 binding and infection.

 Heparan Sulfates and Low Molecular Weight Heparins in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Hao, W., Ma, B., Li, Z., Wang, X., Gao, X., Li, Y., ... & Tan, Z. (2021). Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to glycans. Science Bulletin.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.010

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