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Types of Reinforcement Schedules
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
The effects of different reinforcement schedules can be visualized on a graph plotting the cumulative number of responses against time. On such a graph, ratio schedules (Variable and Fixed) exhibit steep slopes, indicating high response rates, while interval schedules (Variable and Fixed) show more moderate slopes. Variable schedules produce steady, relatively straight response lines. In contrast, fixed schedules create distinct patterns: the fixed ratio schedule is marked by a brief pause after each reinforcement before responding resumes at a high rate, creating a 'stair-step' pattern. The fixed interval schedule produces a 'scalloped' curve, where the response rate is low immediately after reinforcement and gradually increases as the next reinforcement time approaches.
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Continuous Reinforcement
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
A coffee shop has a loyalty program where a customer receives a free drink after purchasing nine drinks. This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?
Variable Reinforcement in Health/Fitness Applications
Example of Variable Ratio Reinforcement: Gambling
Comparison of Reinforcement Schedules by Productivity and Extinction Resistance
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
Example of Variable Ratio Reinforcement: Child's Tantrums
Skinner's Claim on Pigeons and Pathological Gambling and Its Limitations
A manager wants to implement a reward system to encourage employees to complete a repetitive data entry task. Which of the following reward systems is most likely to result in a high, steady rate of work that is also very resistant to stopping, even if the rewards become infrequent?
Example of Fixed Ratio Reinforcement: Sales Commission
Comparison of Fixed Ratio and Fixed Interval Schedules on Output Quality
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
Example of Variable Interval Reinforcement: Quality Control Checks
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
A social media manager wants to increase user engagement. They decide to reward a random active user with a 'featured profile' badge. The reward is given out at unpredictable times throughout the day, sometimes after an hour, sometimes after several hours. Users do not know when the next badge will be awarded, so they tend to check the platform and remain active consistently. Which principle of behavior modification does this strategy illustrate?
Example of Fixed Interval Reinforcement: Patient-Controlled Painkiller
Comparison of Reinforcement Schedules by Productivity and Extinction Resistance
Graphical Representation of Reinforcement Schedules
A bakery offers a free coffee to customers every Tuesday morning with any purchase. The owner notices that the bakery is busiest on Tuesday mornings, but sales are significantly lower on other days of the week. This pattern of customer behavior, where purchasing increases dramatically just before the reward is available, is characteristic of which reinforcement schedule?