- Idea generation 
- Prioritization
- Commissioning into research conduct
- Publication
- Implementation in clinical practice 


The Research Life Cycle

- With patients, it is important to take their life and values into consideration initially
- Establish the patient as a stakeholder, part of a partnership  


The Basics of Patient and Public Participation in Health Research

- Unclear roles
- Absent reporting guidelines
- Exclusion 
- Framework limitations 
- Resource allocation 
- Administrative boundaries 
- Worry of lack of privacy by aggressive participants 
- Being overwhelmed by the expectations over the involvement of the public 
- Different cultures
- Different values 
- Different power hierarchies


Cons of Public Involvement in Health Research

- Patient and public involvement is important to identify specific research questions 
- Public involvement can help limit the wasting of time and resources on questions and research that is not relevant to the true reality 
- Improves trial design by making sure that the design is acceptable to potential participants, facilitates recruitment for the studies and allows access to underserved and rarely heard population 


Pros of Public Involvement in Health Research

To foster community engagement, there needs to be tools set out for the public, such as:
- Face-to-face invitations
- Training meetings
- Local civil society organizations 
- Family medicine health center support 
- Zoom, Google Meet


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Sexual and reproductive health research currently lacks:
- Collaboration that targets the gaps in evidence
- High quality tools for patients and the public to participate
- Patients and the public as stakeholders, not just as research subject, to create incentive and recognize their contributions

The Need for Citizen Science in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research 

M, G.-M., C, A.-P., B, H. A. W., Js, J., A, B.-C., & Ks, K. (2020, October 31). Patient and public involvement in sexual and Reproductive Health: Time to properly integrate citizen's input into science. International journal of environmental research and public health. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663614/. 


The Need for Citizen Science in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Reference

Allowing patients to be more active and understanding of their own healthcare, therefore allowing patients to make decisions for their own health 


Democratization of Healthcare 

The process of longterm patient care that results in knowledge of what needs clinical research and/or more information about certain diagnoses or sectors of healthcare. 

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