The design, structure and timeline of events during a research trial.

Trial Design

Because many of the citizens who participate in citizen science research are unfamiliar with many aspects of research, it is important to provide them with tools and guidelines to better their understanding and therefore their contributions. These tools can be:
- Advanced training on citizen participation in research
- Introduction to health research
- Different types of research and study designs
- Perspective of the research form the citizens point of view 
- Research life cycle 
- Different roles for the audience
- Why we involve the public in research 
- Case studies 
- How to do research with commitment of citizens 
- How can the public do citizen science
- How to maximize the impact of citizen science 
- Solutions to practical problems in the field


How to Get Valuable Data from Patients and the Public during Health Research

- Patient and public involvement is important to identify specific research questions 
- Public involvement can help limit the wasting of time and resources on questions and research that is not relevant to the true reality 
- Improves trial design by making sure that the design is acceptable to potential participants, facilitates recruitment for the studies and allows access to underserved and rarely heard population 


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

To foster community engagement, there needs to be tools set out for the public, such as:
- Face-to-face invitations
- Training meetings
- Local civil society organizations 
- Family medicine health center support 
- Zoom, Google Meet


How to Create Community Engagement from a Wide Variety of the Public 


M, G.-M., C, A.-P., B, H. A. W., Js, J., A, B.-C., & Ks, K. (2020, October 31). Patient and public involvement in sexual and Reproductive Health: Time to properly integrate citizen's input into science. International journal of environmental research and public health. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663614/. 


The Need for Citizen Science in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Reference

- Idea generation 
- Prioritization
- Commissioning into research conduct
- Publication
- Implementation in clinical practice 


The Research Life Cycle

- With patients, it is important to take their life and values into consideration initially
- Establish the patient as a stakeholder, part of a partnership  


The Basics of Patient and Public Participation in Health Research

- Unclear roles
- Absent reporting guidelines
- Exclusion 
- Framework limitations 
- Resource allocation 
- Administrative boundaries 
- Worry of lack of privacy by aggressive participants 
- Being overwhelmed by the expectations over the involvement of the public 
- Different cultures
- Different values 
- Different power hierarchies


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