Advantages to inactivated vaccines (IVs)

- lowered immunogenicity
- requirement for multiple-dose regimens to establish long-lasting immunity
- may require adjuvants to immunize the aging population 
- cold chain


Disadvantages to inactivated vaccines (IVs)

- NCT04383574 by Sinovac
- ChiCTR2000032459 by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm
- ChiCTR2000031809 by the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm
- Inactivated vaccine by the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Inactivated vaccines in clinical trial for SARS-CoV-2

IVs are pathogens (or fractions thereof) that have been inactivated by heat or chemical reaction

Syracuse University

Virus vaccines use the virus itself, or  in a weakened or inactive form.

Virus Vaccines for COVID-19

Shin, M.D., Shukla, S., Chung, Y.H. et al. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 646–655 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential
nanomaterial path forward

Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are live, reproducing, yet mild viruses. The designs are meant to produce single-dose immunity without illness. 


Live-attenuated vaccines

Information gained from studies on the immune responses and vaccine development for related betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, provides insight into the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 and guides the development of COVID-19 vaccines.

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