Causation

Income and Substitution Effects on a Lender's Choice

A lender's decision on how much to save is influenced by two conflicting effects. First, the ability to lend makes the individual better off, which creates an 'income effect' that encourages consuming more now and therefore lending less. Second, the interest earned on the loan increases the return from postponing consumption, creating a 'substitution effect' that incentivizes consuming less now in order to lend more and have higher consumption later. The final amount lent depends on the relative strength of these two effects, which is determined by the individual's preferences.

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Updated 2025-08-28

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