* Clarity. Throughout the system, text is legible at every size, icons are precise and lucid, adornments are subtle and appropriate, and a sharpened focus on functionality motivates the design. Negative space, color, fonts, graphics, and interface elements subtly highlight important content and convey interactivity.
* Deference. Fluid motion and a crisp, beautiful interface help people understand and interact with content while never competing with it. Content typically fills the entire screen, while translucency and blurring often hint at more. Minimal use of bezels, gradients, and drop shadows keep the interface light and airy, while ensuring that content is paramount.
* Depth. Distinct visual layers and realistic motion convey hierarchy, impart vitality, and facilitate understanding. Touch and discoverability heighten delight and enable access to functionality and additional content without losing context. Transitions provide a sense of depth as you navigate through content.

iOS Design Themes

* Aesthetic Integrity
* Consistency
* Direct Manipulation
* Feedback
* Metaphors
* User Control

Design Principles

Most iOS apps are built using components from UIKit, a programming framework that defines common interface elements. This framework lets apps achieve a consistent appearance across the system, while at the same time offering a high level of customization. UIKit elements are flexible and familiar. They’re adaptable, enabling you to design a single app that looks great on any iOS device, and they automatically update when the system introduces appearance changes. The interface elements provided by UIKit fit into three main categories:

- Bars. Tell people where they are in your app, provide navigation, and may contain buttons or other elements for initiating actions and communicating information.

- Views. Contain the primary content people see in your app, such as text, graphics, animations, and interactive elements. Views can enable behaviors such as scrolling, insertion, deletion, and arrangement.

- Controls. Initiate actions and convey information. Buttons, switches, text fields, and progress indicators are examples of controls.

In addition to defining the interface of iOS, UIKit defines functionality your app can adopt. Through this framework, for example, your app can respond to gestures on the touchscreen and enable features such as drawing, accessibility, and printing.

iOS tightly integrates with other programming frameworks and technologies too, such as Apple Pay, HealthKit, and ResearchKit, enabling you to design amazingly powerful apps.

Interface Essentials

Human interface guidelines (HIG) are software development documents that offer application developers a set of recommendations. Their goal is to improve user experience by making application interfaces more intuitive, learnable, and consistent. 

Arizona State University

- Google Material Design
- Apple Human Interface Guidelines
- Microsoft Fluent Design System
- Atlassian Design System
- Uber Design System
- Shopify Design System
- IBM Carbon Design System
- Mailchimp Design System
- Salesforce Lightning Design System
- Helpscout Design System
- US Web Design Government Design System
- IDEO Human-Centered Design Process
- Airbnb Lottie
- Ant Design
- Interactive Media Design
- Adobe Graphic System

Graphic Design Systems

Wikipedia

Material Design is a system of guidelines built by Google that is focused on helping teams of designers and developers build the best regions, surfaces, and components in user interfaces. This system is the groundwork for both wide and narrow UI viewpoints that are applicable to Android, iOS, Flutter, and the web. 

Material Design System

IDEO uses their design process to solve human centered problems with creative solutions that directly addresses user needs. Their design process is a never-ending cycle of improvements
- Observation
- Ideation
- Prototyping
- User feedback
- Iteration
- Implementation

IDEO Human-Centered Design Process

HTML and CSS are core languages of the web, needed for building anything that is viewable in a web browser, like Chrome, or Safari, or Firefox. Interactive projects could be made using these core languages. 


Interactive Media Design: Creating Websites

The Human Interface Guidelines — “HIG” for short — offers in-depth information and UI resources for all of Apple’s platforms, including specific technology areas. The HIG is full of information for designers that can help them create more compelling, intuitive, and beautiful experiences and design better apps that integrate with Apple.

Apple Human Interface Guidelines

Graphic editing software used to create image compositions, add affects, edit websites, retouch photos and many more usages. It is the core of every digital project such as animation, digital painting, graphic design and photo edits. There are many well known adobe apps like Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign, Creative Cloud and many more  

Adobe Software  

This system is an open source toolkit for React components for "initiating, evolving, and unifying web applications" that is easily customizable. It is used for Uber's many internal web applications. This is a universal design system with a library of components and is meant to act as a tool that can be shared by designers, engineers, and product managers. 

Uber Base Web Design System

USWDS is a design system for the federal government that makes it easier to build accessible, mobile-friendly government websites for the American public

U.S. Web Design System (USWDS)

The Microsoft Fluent Design system is a cross-platform design system that was developed in 2017, and has guidelines for designs and interactions for Windows 10 devices and platforms.  There are five key components to the system: Light, Depth, Motion, Material, and Scale.

Microsoft Fluent Design System

"Carbon is IBM’s open source design system for products and digital experiences. With the IBM Design Language as its foundation, the system consists of working code, design tools and resources, human interface guidelines, and a vibrant community of contributors."

IBM Carbon Design System

IOS - Human Interface Guidelines are "software development documents which offer application developers a set of recommendations." Their goal is to improve the user experience by making more intuitive and consistent application interfaces. 

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