Concept

Jami's Doctrine of Divine Determinations and the Perfect Human in Silsilat al-Dhahab (Section 79)

In Section 79 of Silsilat al-Dhahab, Jami outlines the metaphysical descent of Absolute Being and the role of the Perfect Human (Insan al-Kamil) in reversing this descent back to unity:

  1. First Determination (Ta'ayyun-e Awwal): In the first degree of the Essence, all divine affairs, names, and considerations (shu'un va i'tibarat) are integrated and non-differentiated, both in knowledge (ilman) and in external reality (aynan).
  2. Second Determination (Ta'ayyun-e Sani): In the second degree, they become distinct and differentiated in knowledge but still lack independent external existence.
  3. Manifestation (Maratib al-Kawn): These realities manifest outwardly in a detailed and scattered fashion throughout the physical world.
  4. The Perfect Human: Finally, all these diverse and scattered divine determinations are gathered and reunited in a single, unified state within the Perfect Human, mirroring the primordial unity of the first degree of the Essence. This return to ...

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course