In Section 122 of Silsilat al-Dhahab (from the Haft Awrang), Jami presents a moral and philosophical taxonomy of speech, dividing all verbal expressions into four distinct categories based on whether they benefit or harm the speaker and the listener:

1. Beneficial to Both: Speech that brings spiritual elevation to the speaker and salvation to the listener, exemplified by the words of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions.
2. Beneficial to the Speaker, Harmful to the Listener: Speech where the speaker fulfills their duty (e.g., conveying divine revelation to obstinate disbelievers) and is rewarded, though the listeners reject it and worsen their spiritual state.
3. Harmful to the Speaker, Beneficial to the Listener: Speech spoken by hypocritical or ostentatious preachers; the listeners benefit by acting on the moral advice, while the speaker suffers from the sins of vanity (ujb) and hypocrisy (riya).
4. Harmful to Both: Detrimental speech such as backbiting, slande...