Concept

Jami's Metaphysical Theory of Divine Speech (Kalam) in Silsilat al-Dhahab

In Section 64 of Silsilat al-Dhahab (from Jami's Haft Awrang), Abd al-Rahman Jami outlines his metaphysical and theological framework of Speech (Kalam), resolving classical Islamic debates on whether speech is eternal (qadim) or created (hadith). Jami structures Divine Speech into distinct levels:

  1. The Eternal Origin (Asl-i Qadim): At its essence, speech is a simple, indivisible attribute of the Divine Essence (sifat-i dhat), co-eternal with God and existing without letters or sounds.
  2. The Existential Indication (Lisan-i Hal): Speech descends into the universe without verbal articulation, manifested through the existential design of all created beings pointing to Divine perfection and unity.
  3. The Articulated Word (Lafz-i Hadith): Speech further descends into the garment of verbal forms, letters, and sounds (lafz and huruf). This level is temporal and created (hadith).

Through this hierarchy, Jami explains that the mysterious speech of inan...

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course