User research is conducted to learn more about the users' motivations, needs, and behaviors. This can be done by performing the following research methods:

• Card Sorting: allowing users to group the project's (for example: a website) information can reveal whether the project structure matches the way users think.
• Contextual Interviews: observation in the users' natural environment enables an authentic understanding of how users think and behave.
• First Click Testing: the method is mainly focused on navigation to test how users navigate.
• Focus Groups: a moderated discussion with a group of users offers a level of control over the conversation.
• Heuristic Evaluations: a group of usability experts evaluate the product against a set of established guidelines.
• Individual Interviews: one-on-one discussions with users can yield richer and deeper insights into individual behaviors, needs, and motivations.
• Parallel Design: different designers work on different prototypes to come together and create the final design with the best aspects of each prototype.
• Personas: a persona is a representative user based on market research and user interviews to help guide the designing process.
• Prototyping: prototyping allows designers to iterate on different designs before finalizing a design.
• Surveys: these are a series of questions that can be carried out digitally or on paper.
• System Usability Scale (SUS): SUS is a technology independent ten item scale for subjective evaluation of the usability.
• Task Analysis: helpful to understand what kind of tasks the users want and undertake to complete bigger tasks.
• Usability Testing: identifies the problems and frustrations that users encounter while using the product, which can range from poor contrast to confusing navigation.
• Use Cases: this details the how users interact with a particular feature of the product and the steps that they need to perform to complete the task.