Limitations:

1. Several potentially morally injurious experiences can be used in the future if replicated to establish the findings.
2. There was common method bias since the data gathered for combat stressors, psychological distress, and turnover intentions came from the same source.
3. There was a lack of conceptual overlap between combat stressors, psychological distress, and turnover intentions.
4. Response bias could have influenced the results, and negative cognitive bias or trait negative affectivity could have increased the association between PMIEs and psychological distress.
5. Study 1 and 2 took place shortly, one after another, which could have influenced the findings.
6. There were minor discrepancies between the components on which some items were categorized into different areas.
7. There were moderate to strong correlations made between combat experience components.
8. The wording in the PMIE items could have been influential.
9. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that PMIEs were important to psychological distress and turnover intentions, but cannot determine whether the intentions led to turnover.