and:
```python
x = 5
if x < 10 and x > 2:
   print(x, " is less than 10 and greater than 2.")
```
result:
```
5 is less than 10 and greater than 2.
```
or:
```python
x = 5 
if x < 10 or x > 7:
   print(x, " is less than 10 or greater than 7.")
```
result:
```
5 is less than 10 or greater than 7.
```
not:
```python
x = 5
if not(x == 10):
   print(x, "doesn't equal 10.")
```
result:
```
5 doesn't equal 10.
```

Examples of Logical Expressions

Logical operators can be thought as any expressions which act on boolean (True or False) expressions. These include: 
- and
- or
- not 

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Operators are things that represent computational processes in Python. These include +, -, *, **, //, %, and /. 
- "+" = Addition
- "-" = Subtraction
- "*" = Multiplication

- "**" = Exponent
- "//" = Divide, but only include whole number in result
- "%" = Modulo, which only displays remainder of operands 

Operands are the values being acted on by the operator. 

Operators & Operands in Python

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Runestone: Foundations of Python Programming

- 4 + 4 = 8
- 9 - 7 = 2
- 6 * 6 = 36
- 6 ** 2 = 36
- 4 / 2 = 2
- 19 // 5 = 3 
- 5 % 3 = 2

Examples of Operator-Operand Expressions

The order of operations in Python is as follows: 
- Parenthesis: ()
- Exponentiation: **
- Multiplication and Division: *, /, //, %
- Addition and Subtraction: +, -

If operators have the same priority, they are evaluated left to right, except for exponentiation which is evaluated right to left.

Order of Operations

Hard Coding is the practice of writing code that can only satisfy one solution. While the hard-coded variable may be correct in a given circumstance, the overall logic of the code is not validated. 

The logic, flow, and computations should be depended on when writing code.

Why Not to Hard Code When Learning Python

Logical Operators in Python 

Every piece of information on the computer is stored as a string of 1's and 0's, otherwise known as a bit string. Bitwise operators, which are similar across most programming languages, allow you to manipulate those bit strings directly. Some bitwise operators are:
   - bitwise AND: compares two bit strings and returns a new bit string with bits in the places where both bit strings have a bit, denoted by &
   - bitwise OR: compares two bit strings and returns a new bit string with bits in the places that at least one bit string has a bit in, denoted by |
   - bitwise left shift: takes two operands and shifts the bits of the first operand's bit string left by the number of places specified by the value of the second operand, denoted by <<
   - bitwise right shift: takes two operands and shifts the bits of the first operand's bit string right by the number of places specified by the value of the second operand, denoted by >>

Bitwise Operators in Python

Comparison operators are often used in true/false statements and loops to compare two objects. There are six comparison operators:
- equal to: denoted by == 
- not equal to: denoted by != or <>
- greater than: denoted by >
- greater than or equal to: denoted by >=
- less than: denoted by <
- less than or equal to: denoted by <=

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