In Experiment 2 of Mayer and Sims (1994) investigating dual-coding theory, the methodology involved 97 college students with low prior knowledge of human anatomy. The students were divided into three groups: concurrent, successive, and control. Participants were taught how the human respiratory system works using a computer. The concurrent group received three presentations of a 45-second animation coordinated with narration. The successive group received three presentations of narration followed by animation. The control group received no instruction. Participants were then given two minutes per problem to write answers to problem-solving transfer questions.