Lee, R. J. (2017). Mistrustful and misunderstood: A review of Paranoid personality disorder. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 4(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-017-0116-7 

Michigan State University

A personality disorder characterized by:
- Pervasive, unwarranted suspiciousness and distrust (ex. expectation of trickery or harm, over-concern with hidden motives and meanings)
- Hypersensitivity (ex. being easily slighted or offended, readiness to counterattack)
- Restricted affectivity (ex. emotional coldness, no true sense of humor)
-  Offended easily
- Excludes psychotic symptoms, including paranoid delusions and hallucinations

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Therapy has been shown to be beneficial:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Individual Therapy
- Group Therapy
- Family Therapy

Medications for treatment include:
- Anti-Anxiety Medications
- Anti-Depressants
- Anti Psychotics

Paranoid Personality Disorder Treatments

Mistrustful and Misunderstood: A review of Paranoid Personality Disorder 

-Psychodynamic
-Cognitive
-Social Cognition
-Neurobiology

Theoretical Models of PPD

Childhood trauma is consistently linked with Paranoid Personality disorder. Childhood emotional neglect, physical neglect, and supervision neglect predicted PPD symptom levels in adolescence to early adulthood.

Childhood Trauma in PPD

An estimated 75% of PPD cases have a Comorbid personality disorder. Avoidant and BPD are the most frequent. 

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