Different typologies and models such as those of Kirp and Hill and Hupe were applied in the analysis of special needs education policies. From the Scottish perspective, there are three main approaches, that overlap and appear to all aim toward inclusion: individualized, systems, and anti-discrimination approaches.

Three Main Approaches to Special Needs Education (Scotland)

The multi-track approach to special needs education involves a mix of both mainstream and special education. EADSNE countries who follow this are the UK, France, Denmark.

University of Notre Dame

Three Main Special Needs Education Approaches of the EADSNE

Tisdall, E. K., &amp; Riddell, S. (2006). Policies on special needs education: Competing strategies and discourses. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(4), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250600956154 

Policies on special needs education: Competing strategies and discourses.

The one track approach to special needs education involves all pupils enrolled and participating mainstream education (inclusion approach). EADSNE countries who follow this are Italy and Sweden.

One Track Approach

Multi-Track Approach

The two-track approach to special needs education involves mainstream and special needs education being  maintained as two separate approaches. A EADSNE country who follows this is Switzerland.

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