 first generation immigrants integrate English words while speaking Bengali whereas English dominates the conversations of younger generations with occasional switches to Bengali.

Example of immigrant context

1) , high-cost English Medium (EM) education is valued by upper-class and affluent families. 

2)  C-S is commonly practiced among students in schools across India. In addition, she finds it unrealistic to ask the students to separate the two languages harshly. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

C-S across Languages: Indian Context

e crucial information about the social and cultural dynamics in a multilingual setting would also be lost

ignoring these studies and data could have serious consequences

Hindi was the dominant language with occasional switches to English for the early productions but English became the dominant language especially for younger generations in the later productions

C-S in India has been investigated through written media, advertising and film industry as well

perform a quantitative study of 18 recent Bollywood (Hindi) movies and find that C-S is used for establishing identity, social dynamics between characters and the socio-cultural context of the movie

the types and functions of C-S between Hindi and English across the TV programs

multilingual education system in India

language technologies are not yet capable of processing C-S as seamlessly as monolingual data. 

We identify three main limitations of the current state of computational processing of C-S: data, evaluation and user-facing applications.

Computational Approaches to C-S

Limitation:  the lack of end-to-end userfacing applications that interact directly with users in multilingual communities.

1) Although computational implementations of grammatical models of C-S exist (Bhat et al., 2016), they do not necessarily generate natural C-S utterances that a bilingual speaker would produce

2) Most crucially, current computational approaches to C-S language technologies do not usually take into account the linguistic and social factors that influence why and when speakers/users choose to code-switch.

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