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Network Externality

A network externality, also known as a network effect, occurs when the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of other users of the same or compatible goods or services. This effect can be positive, where value increases with more users (e.g., social media platforms, telephones), or negative, where value decreases with more users (e.g., traffic congestion). Because an individual's decision to join a network affects the value for all other users, it represents a type of consumption externality.

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Updated 2025-09-17

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