The DSM-5 recognizes three distinct types of symptom variation in ODD. However, there is disagreement about whether a third type is valid.The types included in the DSM-5 consist of a behavioral, affective, and the vindictive type. 


Symptom Variation in ODD


Arizona State University

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is defined as a behavior disorder with characteristics such as hostility and defiant behavior with authority figures, peers, and family.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Matthys, & Lochman, J. E. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood (Second edition.). Wiley Blackwell.


Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood 

ODD Classification 

During assessment, the clinician must consider the developmental stage of the child to distinguish normative oppositional behavior from pathological.

Development is a Crucial Consideration When Assessing for ODD

Reference for Causes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder

The following are factors that cause oppositional defiant disorder:

* Environmental factors
* Genetic factors
* Biological factors


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