Hot EF's are thought to be controlled by the orbitofrontal and medial pre-frontal networks in the limbic system and underlying paralimbic structures. 

Neuropsychology of Hot EF's

Impairments in hot Ef's in relation to ODD results in preservation of behavior and inability to portray adaptive behavioral responses to changes in the environment. 

ODD: impairments of hot EF's

Studies indicate that dysfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex result in compromised affective decision making in people with ODD.

Arizona State University

- cingulate gyrus
- orbitofrontal cortex
- temporal pole
- part of the insula
- limbic structures 

Structures That Makeup the Paralimbic System


Matthys, Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2013). The neurobiology of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Altered functioning in three mental domains. Development and Psychopathology, 25(1), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000272

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