Describes a tendency to withdraw from others and avoid emotional contact. Detachment can be thought of the opposite of extraversion

Detachment

Describes a tendency to be deceitful, manipulative, and callous. Antagonism is often thought of as the opposite of agreeableness.

Antagonism

Within the DSM-5's alternative model for personality disorders, disinhibition is a key personality trait domain. It is characterized by impulsivity, irresponsibility, and a tendency to engage in risk-taking behaviors. This trait is considered a predominant feature of antisocial personality disorder in this model.

Disinhibition

Describes a likelihood to have bizarre thoughts and behaviors. Psychoticism is considered to be the opposite of lucidity, or low openness. 

Psychoticism

Within the DSM-5's alternative model for personality disorders, antagonism is a key personality trait domain. It is characterized by behaviors such as a disregard for the needs of others, manipulativeness, and deceitfulness. This trait is considered a predominant feature of antisocial personality disorder in this model.

Within the alternative DSM-5 framework, antisocial personality disorder is specifically characterized by high levels of two main traits: antagonism, which includes manipulativeness and a disregard for others, and disinhibition, which involves impulsivity, irresponsibility, and risk-taking.

ASPD Traits in the Alternative DSM-5 Model

Based on the alternative framework for assessing personality, analyze the following case by identifying the specific impairments in the two primary domains of personality functioning. Explain your reasoning by citing specific examples from the text.

Analysis of Personality Functioning

The DSM-5 offers an alternative framework for conceptualizing personality disorders, which is derived from the Five Factor Model of personality. This model assesses personality functioning by evaluating impairments in two primary domains: self-functioning (which includes identity and self-direction) and interpersonal functioning (which includes empathy and intimacy).

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A personality disorder is defined by a pervasive and inflexible personality style that significantly deviates from cultural norms, causing problems for the individual and for others. This pattern typically emerges during adolescence or early adulthood and leads to significant distress or functional impairment.

Personality Disorders

Funder, D. C. (2019). The personality puzzle. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp; Company.

The Personality Puzzle

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

- paranoid personality disorder
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
- antisocial personality disorder
- borderline personality disorder
- histrionic personality disorder
- narcissistic personality disorder
- avoidant personality disorder
- dependent personality disorder
- obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
-dissociative identity disorder

Specific Personality Disorders

The DSM-5 outlines 3 steps for clinical psychologists to make accurate diagnoses. This new model emphasizes the description of the psychological difficulty and the degree of the associated problems. 

Diagnosing Personality Disorders

The newest section of the DSM-5 outlines 6 main personality disorders (schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder) that come from the 10 disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder) described in the traditional section.

Main Personality Disorders

“Dark personalities” refer to a set of socially aversive traits in the subclinical range. People with dark personalities don't meet enough of the criteria to be diagnosed with any of the disorders in a clinical setting and are able to flourish in everyday work settings, scholastic settings, and the broader community.


Dark Personalities

Citations for personality disorder sources 

References: Personality Disorders

A comprehensive understanding of personality disorders requires achieving several key learning objectives. These include explaining the essential nature of these disorders and how they differ from other psychological conditions, identifying and contrasting the three distinct clusters of personality disorders, and recognizing the primary features and etiological factors associated with both borderline and antisocial personality disorders.

Learning Objectives for Personality Disorders

The enduring and maladaptive personality styles associated with personality disorders are deeply troubling and problematic for both the individuals and those around them. These styles often lead to interpersonal conflicts, hinder the formation and maintenance of social relationships, and obstruct the achievement of personal life goals.

Consequences of Maladaptive Personality Styles in Personality Disorders

The DSM-5 organizes the 10 recognized personality disorders into three distinct clusters based on shared traits. Cluster A is characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors; Cluster B by impulsive, dramatic, emotional, and erratic behaviors; and Cluster C by nervous and fearful behaviors.

Personality Disorder Clusters in the DSM-5

Based on 2007 research, it is estimated that slightly more than 9% of the United States population is affected by a personality disorder.

Prevalence of Personality Disorders in the U.S.

Within the field of psychology, borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are widely regarded as being particularly challenging and problematic.

Especially Problematic Personality Disorders

Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders

A clinician is evaluating several clients. Which of the following descriptions provides the strongest evidence for a potential personality disorder, based on the fundamental definition of this category of disorders?

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