Pharmacokinetics: What the body does to the drug (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination)

Pharmacodynamics: What the drug does to the body

Antipyretics: fever relieving drugs

Analgesics: pain relieving drugs

NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs; used to reduce pain, fever, prevent clots, and sometimes decrease inflammation

DOACs: Direct Oral Anticoagulants; generally block a single blood clotting factor to treat or prevent clots (use in deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolism, etc.)

OAT: Organic Anion Transporters; uptake transporters; substrates are generally multi ringed and negatively charged

OATP: Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides; uptake transporters; substrates generally have ring structures and are negatively charged

OCT: Organic Cation Transporters; uptake transporters; substrates are generally small, simple and positively charged

P-gp (MDR1): P glycoprotein transporter; efflux transporter; reduced oral absorption and mediates bile and urine excretion; substrates are generally cationic and amphiphilic (having hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties) compounds and some can be very large

STAT: Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription; regulate immune function and new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) via interactions with DNA upon activation

JAK: Janus Kinases; activated by the binding of cytokines, phosphorylate other JAKs and other proteins like STATs

m-TOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; major regulator of cell growth (i.e. muscle growth) and controls many catabolic and anabolic process that occur in response to nutrients and nutrient signals; it has a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology

CYP: Cytochrome P450; enzyme superfamily important in the metabolism of various compounds for clearance from the body; mainly found in the liver

QT prolongation: electrical rhythm disturbance of the heart; delayed repolarization of the heart ventricles so the heart takes longer to recharge between beats; potential to cause fast and abnormal heart beats

Torsades de Pointes: lethal heart rhythm disturbance; the ventricles (lower heart chambers) beat fast and out of sync with the atria (upper heart chambers); can be triggered by QT prolongation and can cause ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest

Bradycardia: slow heart rate

*Increased drug exposure: increased concentration of drug in the body which leads to a higher chance of drug toxicity; this can be due to numerous factors like decreased drug clearance