The results of Study 1 found that zero slideshows didn’t violate a principle. This was according to both the strict and liberal criteria. According to the strict criteria, each slideshow violated, on average, 6.23 of the outlined principles, and the liberal criteria averaged out at 5.88 violations per slideshow. A “bad-apple-spoils-the-barrel” approach was taken—if a single slide contained a violation, the entire slideshow was dismissed. Every single slideshow examined in the sample had elements that made it more difficult for its audience to comprehend the material, which very well says a lot about how many slideshows in the actual population aren’t ideally made too.