Psychedelics (or hallucinogens) are a class of psychoactive substances (Psychoplastogens) that produce changes in perception, mood, and cognitive processes, such as altering thinking, sense of time, and emotions. They can also cause a person to see or hear things that do not exist or are distorted. They can be naturally occurring or synthetic. Examples include:
- Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
- Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
- 3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate (Psilocybin)
- Mescaline
- Peyote


Psychedelic Drugs

Psychoplastogens have a range of therapeutic potential in treating neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder, mood disorders, PTSD, and addiction. The 5-HT receptor group also has an important role in the gut-brain axis and is linked to the pathophysiology of IBS via dysregulated serotonin signaling.

Therapeutic Potential of Psychoplastogens

Psychoplastogens class of compounds that take effect on neural plasticity in key circuits involved in brain health. Psychoplastogens include psychadelics, and produce a quantifiable change in plasticity within a short time frame (>72 h) post administration.

Michigan State University

The study of the effects of drugs on the brain and behavior.

Psychopharmacology 

Meade, Elaine, et al. "Mycotherapy: Potential of Fungal Bioactives for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders and Morbidities of Chronic Pain." Fungi and Fungal Metabolites for the Improvement of Human and Animal Life, Nutrition and Health, vol. II, 11 Mar. 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030290.

Mycotherapy: Potential of Fungal Bioactives for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders and Morbidities of Chronic Pain

Psychopharmacology Library

Microdosing is the administration of a psychedelic drug/medication at one-tenth of the dose that would cause hallucinogenic effects.

Microdosing

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs used to treat conditions like depression, which is often associated with low serotonin levels. Unlike agonists or antagonists that bind to receptors, SSRIs work by blocking the reuptake process. This action prevents unused serotonin from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron, allowing it to remain in the synaptic cleft for a longer period. The extended presence of serotonin enhances its interaction with postsynaptic receptors, thereby strengthening its overall effect. Common examples of SSRIs include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft.

SSRIs and SNRIs

A class of drugs that typically alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia. (Also called neuroleptics)

- The Dopamine Hypothesis

- Typical Antipsychotics

- Long-Term Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs

- Atypical Antipsychotics

- The Glutamate Hypothesis

Antipsychotic Drugs

Tricyclic (or heterocyclic) antidepressants inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine, and are thus called due to their three (or more)-ring chemical structure. Some examples include:

- Amitriptyline (Elavil) 
- Nortriptyline (Aventyl)
- Maprotiline hydrochloride (Ludiomil)
- Desipramine hydrochloride (Norpramin)
- Clomipramine (Anafranil)

A similar drug is Bupropion (Wellbutrin), which is an aminoketone that weakly blocks norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters. Some MAOIs have antidepressant effects, including:

- Phenelzine (Nardil)
- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Psychoplastogens 

The study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. Mycotherapy, also known as fungal or mushroom therapy, is a branch of natural medicine exploring the therapeutic properties and potential health benefits of various mushrooms. The practice of using mushrooms for medicinal purposes has been observed in different cultures throughout history, and it continues to gain recognition and scientific interest in modern times.

Mycotherapy

Medications that have Anticholinergic effects are associated with central and peripheral side effects. These include constipation, confusion, sedation, and dry mouth. Increased Anticholinergic exposure increases adverse risks.

Anticholinergic Medicines

Psychomotor stimulant drugs, such as amphetamines, are a primary treatment for narcolepsy. These medications function by increasing overall levels of neural activity to combat daytime sleepiness. Examples include modafinil, armodafinil, and various amphetamines.

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