Blacks in the urban area had a higher rate of informal ties with relatives (78% of respondents have relatives in the city), friends, and neighbors. Minority networks have lower diversity and size than their white counterparts. Whites had the largest networks (mean size 3.1), blacks the smallest (mean size 2.25). Of those network ties, black respondents cited fewer kin and fewer non-kin than whites did. There is a class-based disparity among blacks. The black middle class is engaged in more formal memberships in clubs, organizations and church groups than lower class black people. Additionally, there is an enclave economy effect in most immigrant communities where immigrants typically rely on other immigrant families for employment and financial resources. Most of these kin networks are socially isolated from the mainstream economy.