Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) = Controlled Experiment

Observational Studies

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) = Controlled Experiment

Criticisms of Quantitative Research

Group Research

Strengths of Quantitative Research

Single-Subject Research

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Characteristics of Survey Research

Which of the following statements best describes the methodology and primary objective of quantitative research in psychology?

Arrange the following phases of a typical quantitative research study in psychology in the correct chronological order, from the initial research design to the final objective.

A psychologist is conducting a study titled 'The Impact of Screen Time on Sleep Quality in Young Adults.' Match each element of this research project to the core characteristic of quantitative research it illustrates.

A researcher following the quantitative research methodology can deduce generalizable conclusions about a population by collecting numerical data from a sizable sample, even if they choose not to apply statistical techniques to analyze that data.

Quantitative research in psychology is characterized by starting with a specific research question, collecting numerical data from a sample of participants, and analyzing that data using statistical techniques.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

In the context of quantitative research, what is the primary purpose of collecting numerical data from a sizable sample of participants?

A researcher is critiquing a study that used a quantitative methodology. They judge the study to be ineffective not because of the numerical data itself, but because the non-representative sample was too small to support the methodology's primary objective: drawing _____ conclusions about the larger population.

A psychologist wants to design a quantitative study to investigate whether cognitive behavioral therapy reduces generalized anxiety. Match each component of their planned research project to the corresponding characteristic of quantitative research.

A cognitive psychologist studies working memory by collecting digit span scores from a large sample of 500 college students. If the researcher successfully analyzes these numerical scores but fails to select a representative sample, they will struggle to fulfill the primary objective of quantitative research, which is to deduce _____ conclusions about the larger population.

Evaluate the chronological and logical flow of a quantitative research study. Order the following steps from the initial phase of project formulation to the final realization of its overarching population-level goal.

Turing Test

Causal Inference References

The calculus of causation

Ladder of Causation

Bayes Theorem Overview

From objectivity to subjectivity

Stages of Casual Inference: Induction and Deduction

Reasoning

Hill's Criteria

Three different kinds of causation

The Two Fundamental Laws of Causal Inference

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) = Controlled Experiment

Approximate Inference

Estimand

Three Critical Choices in Causal Inference

Correlation vs. Causation

The Challenge of Establishing Causality in Economics

Instrumental Variables Estimation

Encouragement Design (Randomized Encouragement)

Heteroskedasticity-Consistent (HC) Standard Errors

Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Effect

Treatment-on-the-Treated (TOT) Effect

Intent-to-Treat vs. Treatment-on-the-Treated (Compliance-Adjusted Effects)

Back-Door Criterion

Generalizing Do-Calculus

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) = Controlled Experiment

Observational Studies

Front-Door Criterion (Unmeasurable confounder of a mediated path)

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C$

$\ \ \ \ \swarrow \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \searrow$

$X \rightarrow M \rightarrow Y$