Relation

Relation to existing models (Knowledge Tracing Machines: Factorization Machines for Knowledge Tracing)

Knowledge Tracing Machines (KTMs) generalize several existing models, including Item Response Theory (IRT), the Additive Factor Model (AFM), Performance Factor Analysis (PFA), and Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT). The specific model a KTM simplifies to depends on the chosen features (such as users, items, or skills) and the dimensionality of the embeddings (dd).

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Updated 2026-06-29

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Data Science