Item 3, Item 4, and Item 5 had low corrected item-total correlations and thus was deleted from the scale. The remaining seven items in the scale all had acceptable corrected item-total correlation.

Deleting Three Items

Satisfactory on Both Item and Scale Level

Concurrent validity, or evidence that can be gathered to defend the use of a test for predicting other outcomes, was supported as there was significant correlation between the result from the 7 items and the HADS and PVDS results:
- depression:  r = 0.425, p < 0.001
- anxiety:  r = 0.511, p < 0.001
- perceived infectability:  r = 0.483, p < 0.001
- germ aversion:  r = 0.459, p < 0.001

Significance Correlation with HADS and PVDS

- Deleted 3 more items
- The remaining 7-items were all satisfactory in both item and scale level
- Significance Correlation with HADS and PVDS

Syracuse University

Smith College

Process of Validation for study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C., Imani, V. et al. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation

The scale was aimed at the people in the general Iranian population who are Iranian, aged 18 years or older, and able to understand spoken Persian or Farsi. The sample the researchers got in the end was a sample size of 717 individuals with a mean age of 31.25 and an average of 8.9 years of education. More than half of the participants were males (n = 416; 58%), and nearly one-fifth of the participants were current smokers (n = 139; 19.4%)

Participants in Study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

- Demographic Information
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale
- Data Analysis

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