Information on age, educational year, gender, and whether they were a current smoker 

Demographic Information

A 14-item scale for the assessment of anxiety and depression levels of participants where a four-point response format is applied for each item. A total score ranging from 0 to 21 for each of the subscales (anxiety and depression with seven items each), with a higher score is indicative of severe anxiety or depression. The scale has acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α of 0.78 and 0.86 for the HADS anxiety and depression respectively) and a satisfactory validity

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

A 15-item scale that assesses participant’s perceived vulnerability to infectious disease, specifically perceived infectability (seven-item subscale) and germ aversion (eight-item subscale). Each item is scored on a seven-point scale with approximately half of the items reverse-scored. The higher the scores, the more severe the perceived infectability and germ aversion. It has a Cronbach’s α of 0.70, 0.72, and 0.70 for perceived infectability, germ aversion, and total PVDS score respectively 

Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale

- Descriptive statistics
- classical test theory (CTT)
- Rasch analysis

Data Analysis on psychometric properties

- Demographic Information
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale
- Data Analysis

Syracuse University

Smith College

Process of Validation for study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C., Imani, V. et al. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation

The scale was aimed at the people in the general Iranian population who are Iranian, aged 18 years or older, and able to understand spoken Persian or Farsi. The sample the researchers got in the end was a sample size of 717 individuals with a mean age of 31.25 and an average of 8.9 years of education. More than half of the participants were males (n = 416; 58%), and nearly one-fifth of the participants were current smokers (n = 139; 19.4%)

Participants in Study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

Measures for Validation in Study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

- Deleted 3 more items
- The remaining 7-items were all satisfactory in both item and scale level
- Significance Correlation with HADS and PVDS

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