A 14-item scale for the assessment of anxiety and depression levels of participants where a four-point response format is applied for each item. A total score ranging from 0 to 21 for each of the subscales (anxiety and depression with seven items each), with a higher score is indicative of severe anxiety or depression. The scale has acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α of 0.78 and 0.86 for the HADS anxiety and depression respectively) and a satisfactory validity

Smith College

- Demographic Information
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale
- Data Analysis

Measures for Validation in Study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C., Imani, V. et al. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation

Information on age, educational year, gender, and whether they were a current smoker 

Demographic Information

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

A 15-item scale that assesses participant’s perceived vulnerability to infectious disease, specifically perceived infectability (seven-item subscale) and germ aversion (eight-item subscale). Each item is scored on a seven-point scale with approximately half of the items reverse-scored. The higher the scores, the more severe the perceived infectability and germ aversion. It has a Cronbach’s α of 0.70, 0.72, and 0.70 for perceived infectability, germ aversion, and total PVDS score respectively 

Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale

- Descriptive statistics
- classical test theory (CTT)
- Rasch analysis

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