A 15-item scale that assesses participant’s perceived vulnerability to infectious disease, specifically perceived infectability (seven-item subscale) and germ aversion (eight-item subscale). Each item is scored on a seven-point scale with approximately half of the items reverse-scored. The higher the scores, the more severe the perceived infectability and germ aversion. It has a Cronbach’s α of 0.70, 0.72, and 0.70 for perceived infectability, germ aversion, and total PVDS score respectively