Any form of abuse that a child experiences, which poses a risk for intergenerational transmission (i.e., a mother who experienced abuse during her childhood is more likely to abuse their children; cycle).

Maternal Early Life Maltreatment (ELM)

If a mother has history of depressive disorders and/or comorbidities, their children has a higher risk for developing  mental health problems.

Maternal History of Depression (HoD)

- Maternal Early Life Maltreatment (ELM)
- Maternal History of Depression (HoD)

University of Illinois at Chicago

Factors that predispose adults and children to develop a mental disorder
- Biological 
- Psychological 
- Social 
- Spiritual 
- Cultural

Risk Factors for Developing a Mental Disorder

Bödeker, K., Fuchs, A., Führer, D., Kluczniok, D., Dittrich, K., Reichl, C., ... & Resch, F. (2019). Impact of maternal early life maltreatment and maternal history of depression on child psychopathology: Mediating role of maternal sensitivity?. Child psychiatry & human development, 50(2), 278-290.

Bödeker et al. (2019)

Types of Risk factors

- Family history of mental illness 
- History of traumatic brain injury 
- Pregnancy/birth complications 
- Chronic medical conditions 
- Alcohol or drug use 
- Poor nutrition
- Lack of sleep 

Biophysical Risk Factors

- Stressful life situations 
- Traumatic life experiences 
- Low self-esteem 

Psychological Risk factors

- Experiencing abuse or neglect 
- Bullying (victim or perpetrator)
- Recent loss 
- Poor social/communication skills 
- Experiencing poverty 
- Discrimination 
- Lack of access to support services 

Social Risk Factors

- Perception of being irredeemable or inherently flawed beyond repair 
- Perception of insignificance
- Conflicting thoughts or doubts surrounding deep religious beliefs

Spiritual Risk Factors

References for Risk Factors

Experiences that occur during childhood or adolescence that are potentially traumatic. Examples of these events include neglect, parental conflict, mental illness, substance abuse, sexual abuse, etc. 

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

1. Cultural Stigma
2. Understanding symptoms
3. Community Support
4. Resources

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