Intersectionality examines the experiences of people who are experiencing discrimination on the basis of two or more marginalized identities at the same time, and how this differs from experiencing discrimnination on the basis of these identities individually.  Because of this depending on context, we all have areas where we experience privilege, as well as areas of oppression

For example, the stereotypes or preconceived notions held about black women are not merely a combination of those held about black people and those held about women, but a unique intersection of racism and sexism that black women experience differently from either black men or white women.

Intersectionality

1. Mental Health First Aid
2. Understanding Intersectionality in Health Psychology
3. School-Based Mental Health for Asian American Immigrant Youth: Perceptions and Recommendations

Add references as needed.

References for Cultural Risk Factors

Each culture will look at mental health differently.

How Culture Impacts Mental Health: Cultural Stigma

Cultures look at symptoms differently too, which can impact not only if someone chooses to talk about it but also if they recognize what they are going through.

How Culture Impacts Mental Health: Understanding Symptoms

 Stigma in cultures can make someone feel alone when finding support. Someone's family and community will each have their own opinions about mental health support.

How Culture Impacts Mental Health: Community Support.

 It can be hard for minority groups to find someone who understands their needs AND specific cultural factors (see child node about intersectionality).

How Culture Impacts Mental Health: Resources

Research on cultural risk factors investigates how an individual's cultural background, community beliefs, and cultural stigma influence their mental health and their utilization of mental health services. For instance, empirical studies examining immigrant youth highlight how cultural misconceptions about mental health and concerns regarding community confidentiality can significantly impact their perceptions of and engagement with available mental health resources.

Research on Cultural Risk Factors in Mental Health

1. Cultural Stigma
2. Understanding symptoms
3. Community Support
4. Resources

Santa Clara University

Factors that predispose adults and children to develop a mental disorder
- Biological 
- Psychological 
- Social 
- Spiritual 
- Cultural

Risk Factors for Developing a Mental Disorder

Mental Health First Aid USA. (2019, July 11). Four Ways Culture Impacts Mental Health. Mental Health First Aid. https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/2019/07/four-ways-culture-impacts-mental-health/

Mental Health First Aid: Four Ways Culture Impacts Mental Health

Types of Risk factors

- Family history of mental illness 
- History of traumatic brain injury 
- Pregnancy/birth complications 
- Chronic medical conditions 
- Alcohol or drug use 
- Poor nutrition
- Lack of sleep 

Biophysical Risk Factors

- Stressful life situations 
- Traumatic life experiences 
- Low self-esteem 

Psychological Risk factors

- Experiencing abuse or neglect 
- Bullying (victim or perpetrator)
- Recent loss 
- Poor social/communication skills 
- Experiencing poverty 
- Discrimination 
- Lack of access to support services 

Social Risk Factors

- Perception of being irredeemable or inherently flawed beyond repair 
- Perception of insignificance
- Conflicting thoughts or doubts surrounding deep religious beliefs

Spiritual Risk Factors

- Maternal Early Life Maltreatment (ELM)
- Maternal History of Depression (HoD)

Risk Factors for Child Psychopathology

References for Risk Factors

Experiences that occur during childhood or adolescence that are potentially traumatic. Examples of these events include neglect, parental conflict, mental illness, substance abuse, sexual abuse, etc. 

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