INF-gamma is produced by NK cells, Cytotoxic T cells and Th1 cells. They increase antigen presentation, express both class I and class II MHC molecules and differentiation of Th1 cells activity of NK cells. They also down regulate activity of Th2 cells. 

State University of New York at Buffalo

Cytokines in Adaptive Immunity

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IL-2 is an cytokine molecule involves in T-dependent immune responses and are released by T- cells themselves. They lead to T-cell expansion. They act as a natural response to microbial infection that promote the differentiation of T-cells into effector T-cells and memory T-cells. Due to its role in T-cell differentiation they play a key role in cell-mediated immunity. 

Role of IL-2 in adaptive immunity

IL-1 is responsible for initiating the acute phase response in Innate immunity. They are produced mainly by monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and can also be produced by B cells, NK cells, microglia and 
 epithelial cells. Their main function is in the inflammatory response of body against an infection. 




Role of IL-1 in innate immunity 

IL-3 is produced as a monomer by T-cells, monocytes and macrophages. It's major role is in blood-cell production. 

Role of IL-3 

 IL-4 is produced by T-cells during specific immune responses. The main function of IL-4 is B cell activation, to further produce antibodies, along with stimulation of IgE production. 

Role of IL-4 in adaptive immunity 

IL-5 are produced by T-cells and their basic function is B cell differentiation and AB secretion. IL-5 are also responsible for increasing allergy response. 

Role of IL-5 in adaptive immunity

IL-6 is responsible for stimulating acute phase protein synthesis, as well as the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow. It supports the growth of B cells and is antagonistic to regulatory T cells.



Role of IL-6 in Innate Immunity

IL-7 is produced by the bone marrow and thymic stroma that stimulate the development of T and B cells. 

Role of IL-7 

Il-9 stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It is secreted by T helper cells and act as regulators of some hempatopoietic cells . 

Role of IL-9

IL-10 plays a major role in down-regulating the immune system. They are produced by mononuclear cells. Other functions include synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2,IL-3,TNF alpha, INF gamma, expression of class II MHC molecules and various co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. 

Role of IL-10

Role of INF-gamma

TNF-alpha are produced by activated macrophages, activated T cells, NK cells, Mast cells. TNF-alpha stimulate T cell activation and expression of MHC class II molecules, as well as regulating adhesion molecules expression. 

Role of TNF-alpha

GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is produced by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. It is a white blood cell growth factor and stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes and monocytes. 

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