Concept

Sanai's Allegory of the Three Inner Demons and Taming the Nafs

In the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sanai presents the allegory of three inner demons (se div)—greed, lust, and anger—that bind the human intellect (aql). He compares these forces to wild or domestic beasts (the biting dog and the untamed horse) residing in the same house as the human. Sanai argues that these animalistic drives must be tamed and trained before an individual can truly achieve the status of a true human being.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course