Concept

Sanai's Characterization of Fools and Their Friendship in Section 31 of the Hadiqat

In Section 31 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sanai provides a vivid critique of fools (ablah) and warns against associating with them. He uses several key metaphors to describe their nature:

  • The Empty Pot: He compares the companionship of fools to an empty pot—empty on the inside but blackened by soot on the outside, representing outward vanity devoid of inner worth.
  • Blind Imitation: Sanai emphasizes that the friendship of fools is built on mere imitation (taqlid) rather than intellect (aql), religion (din), or true spiritual unity (tawhid).
  • The Harp and Flute: He describes the ignorant as being 'tight-hearted and wide-mouthed' (tangdel o farakh-dahan), suggesting they lack depth and capacity but are boastful or loud.
  • Conditional Loyalty: Sanai warns that a fool's affection is entirely conditional on one's fortune and health. The moment one's circumstances change, their loyalty vanishes instantly, turning former friends into adversaries.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course