- prior evidence for SARS- CoV, MERS-CoV and influenza have shown that convalescent plasma transfusion is effective against infectious diseases
- multiple researches has shown that NAbs are robust as a therapeutic potential against COVID-19
- NAb CB6 has demonstrated strong viral inhibition in nonhuman primates
- cocktail antibodies have been suggested as more efficient

Support for the use of SARS-CoV-2 Ab for therapies

- According to a Wuhan MedRxiv article, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies do not last long enough to make herd immunity or vaccines a likely solution. Additionally, SARS-CoV Ab therapies may not be applicable to SARS-CoV-2
-  antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) is of concern as a recent study on NAbs against MERS-CoV RBD has shown ADE
- some SARS-CoV-2 S mutations may be resistant to RBD-targeting NAbs (E484, F490, Q493, and S494)

Evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2 Ab may not be the most viable solution

-  Support for the use of SARS-CoV-2 Ab for therapies
-  Evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2 Ab may not be the most viable solution

Northwestern University

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 triggers the creation of antibodies in a two-part response: 
- early antibodies (IgM)
- late antibodies (IgG)

With assistance from helper T cells, B cells differentiate into plasma B cells to produce these antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 antigens.

Antibodies and COVID-19 

- Antibody Therapeutics
-  MedRxiv Preprint Papers
- Preprints
- Science

References for Antibodies and COVID-19 by journal

A study showed that SARS neutralizing antibodies can successfully block SARS-CoV-2 entry into target cells in vitro, suggesting that the two viruses possess a cross-protective epitope and have similar immune protection against reinfection

SARS neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2


SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and their uses in future SARS-CoV-2 Therapies

- Type I: only binds to 'up' RBD
- Type II: only binds when at least 2 RBD are 'up'
- Type III: only binds to 'down' RBD
- Type IV: recognizes both 'up' and 'down' RBD
- the image below shows the antibody interactions with RBD to the left and antibodies to the right

Types of Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting SARS-CoV-2 RBD of S protein

- NAbs targeting NTD of spike protein
- NAbs targeting S2 subunit of spike protein

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