The continued perception of visual stimuli after it is no longer there. An example is light trails from moving lights in the dark.

Persistence of vision

Brief sensory memory involved in vision (when visual stimuli occur)

Iconic memory (visual icon)

Brief sensory memory involved in hearing (when auditory stimuli occur).

Echoic memory

The retention of sensory information for a very brief period of time. An initial stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of seconds.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Short-term Memory
- Long-term Memory
- Affective System
- Motor System
- Sensory memory
- Working memory
- Recognition memory

Memory Systems of Brain ("Structural features")

Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Nelson Education.


Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience

The retention of a small amount of information for a brief period of time. It can hold information for 15-20 seconds and can hold 5-7 items.

Short-term memory (STM)

Can hold a lot of information for years (even decades). Sometimes described as an archive of information.

Long-term memory (LTM) 

Sensory memory

Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. Working memory is important for reasoning, learning and comprehension. Some of the manipulation of information takes place in working memory

Working Memory

Identifying some kind of stimuli that was previously present.

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