Example

Simplifying 142xx249\frac{14-2x}{x^2-49}

Simplify the rational expression 142xx249\frac{14-2x}{x^2-49} by factoring the numerator and denominator, recognizing opposite factors, and simplifying.

Step 1 — Factor the numerator and denominator. The numerator 142x14 - 2x has a GCF of 22: 142x=2(7x)14 - 2x = 2(7 - x). The denominator x249x^2 - 49 is a difference of squares, since x2=x2x^2 = x^2 and 49=7249 = 7^2: x249=(x7)(x+7)x^2 - 49 = (x - 7)(x + 7). The expression becomes:

2(7x)(x7)(x+7)\frac{2(7 - x)}{(x - 7)(x + 7)}

Step 2 — Recognize the opposite factors. The factor (7x)(7 - x) in the numerator and the factor (x7)(x - 7) in the denominator are opposites of each other, since 7x=(x7)7 - x = -(x - 7). By the opposite factors property, 7xx7=1\frac{7 - x}{x - 7} = -1.

Step 3 — Simplify. Replace the ratio of opposite factors with 1-1:

2x+7\frac{-2}{x + 7}

The simplified result is 2x+7\frac{-2}{x + 7}. This example extends the basic opposite-factors simplification x88x=1\frac{x - 8}{8 - x} = -1 to a more complex expression where the opposite factors do not make up the entire numerator and denominator — they are embedded among other factors. After factoring the GCF from the numerator and applying the difference of squares pattern to the denominator, the opposite pair (7x)(7 - x) and (x7)(x - 7) becomes visible and contributes a factor of 1-1 to the simplified result.

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Updated 2026-04-21

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