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Simplifying −643\sqrt[3]{-64}, −164\sqrt[4]{-16}, and −2435\sqrt[5]{-243}

Evaluate three higher roots of negative numbers, illustrating how the parity of the index determines whether the result is a real number.

ⓐ −643=−4\sqrt[3]{-64} = -4: The index 33 is odd, so the cube root of a negative number is real. Since (−4)3=−64(-4)^3 = -64, the cube root of −64-64 is −4-4.

ⓑ −164\sqrt[4]{-16} is not a real number: The index 44 is even, and the radicand is negative. No real number raised to the fourth power can produce a negative result — even powers of any real number are always non-negative. Therefore −164\sqrt[4]{-16} does not exist in the real numbers.

ⓒ −2435=−3\sqrt[5]{-243} = -3: The index 55 is odd, so the fifth root of a negative number is real. Since (−3)5=−243(-3)^5 = -243, the fifth root of −243-243 is −3-3.

Parts ⓐ and ⓒ both yield real (negative) results because odd-index roots of negative numbers exist. Part ⓑ is not real because even-index roots of negative numbers do not exist in the real number system. Checking whether the index is even or odd is always the first step when a negative radicand appears.

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Updated 2026-05-01

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