Which of the following non-probability sampling methods relies on existing research participants to actively recruit additional subjects from their social networks?

Snowball sampling is a specific form of non-probability sampling in which existing research participants actively assist the researcher in recruiting additional participants for the study. This network-based approach relies on the social connections of initial subjects to expand the sample size, making it particularly useful for accessing hidden or hard-to-reach populations.

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Non-probability sampling encompasses methods where the researcher cannot mathematically specify the probability that any given member of the target population will be selected for the sample. Because it does not rely on structured random selection from a clearly defined population, it is the most common approach used in general psychological research, even though it limits the ability to make perfectly representative population estimates.

Non-probability Sampling

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KPU Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition

Snowball Sampling

Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where researchers recruit subgroups within their sample to mirror the exact proportional representation of those specific subgroups in the broader population. Although it ensures that key demographic segments are represented accurately, it does not involve random selection, which distinguishes it from probability-based stratified sampling.

Quota Sampling

Self-selection sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which individuals autonomously choose to participate in a research study of their own accord, without being directly approached or invited by the researcher. This voluntary approach is common in public surveys but can introduce bias, as those who opt in may differ systematically from those who choose not to participate.

Self-selection Sampling

Convenience sampling is a common form of non-probability sampling where researchers study individuals who happen to be physically nearby and are readily willing to participate, such as college students in an introductory psychology course. While this approach is frequently used in psychological research due to its accessibility and efficiency, its main disadvantage is that the resulting sample may not accurately represent the broader population, severely limiting the ability to generalize the findings.

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