People generally were more likely to recall the general topic that was presented rather than the specific information that was conveyed by either the title or the graphical visualization.

Effects of a Miscued and Contradictory Misalignment on Recall

Even though there may be a slant between a graphical visualization and its title, most people report that the information that is presented is actually neural. 

Effects of a Miscued and Contradictory Misalignment on Perception of Bias

As the misalignment between a graphical visualization and its title increases, the title is seen as less credible compared to the visualization.

Effects of a Miscued and Contradictory Misalignment on Credibility of Title

- Recall
- Lack of perception of bias
- Dropping of title's credibility

Davidson College

The graphic visualization emphasizes an aspect of a story visually, even though the title addresses the other aspect. For example, the information presented in the title may be visually more faint on the graphical visualization.

Miscued Slant

Kong, H. K., Liu, Z., & Karahalios, K. (2019, May). Trust and recall of information across varying degrees of title-visualization misalignment. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-13).

Trust and recall of information across varying degrees of title-visualization misalignment

Visualizations with a miscued slant are in accordance with the information that is provided in the context of the visualization, even though these elements may be de-emphasized. However, visualizations with a contradictory slant are in opposition to the information that is provided.

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