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Statistical Significance in Psychology
In psychological research, a finding is typically considered 'statistically significant' if there is a probability of five percent or less that the observed difference between groups occurred by random chance. This standard helps researchers confidently conclude that the results are meaningful and not just a fluke.
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Statistical Significance in Psychology
Example of Evaluating Experimental Effectiveness
A researcher conducts an experiment to test a new study technique. The group using the new technique scores an average of 88% on a test, while the control group using a traditional technique scores an average of 85%. Based solely on these averages, the researcher concludes the new technique is superior. What is the primary flaw in the researcher's reasoning?
A psychologist conducts an experiment to test a new therapy designed to reduce public speaking anxiety. The experimental group receives the new therapy and has an average anxiety score of 45 (lower is better). The control group receives no therapy and has an average anxiety score of 50. After collecting this data, the psychologist performs a statistical analysis. What is the primary question this analysis seeks to answer?
Inferential Statistics