Concept

Sufi Metaphors of Cheek (Rokh) and Down (Khat) in Golshan-e Raz

In Mahmud Shabestari's Golshan-e Raz, specific physical features of the beloved are used as allegories for divine attributes and ontological realities:

  • Cheek (رخ - Rokh): Represents the manifestation of Divine Beauty (حسن خدایی) and the theater of divine illumination. It is the symbol of ultimate divine unity.
  • Down (خط - Khat): The fine facial hair represents Divine Majesty (جناب کبری��یی), the spiritual world (عالم جان), and the realm of the unseen.

Together, the cheek and the down illustrate how multiplicity (the down) emerges from and overlays divine unity (the cheek), allowing the seeker to perceive 'multiplicity from unity, one by one' (کثرت از وحدت یکایک).

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Updated 2026-07-02

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