Dysruia is burning, pain, and discomfort while urinating. They are common symptoms of bladder infections or cystitis. 

Dysuria

Pyuria is pus in the urine. This is a symptom of a bladder infection or cystitis. 

Pyuria

Hematuria is blood in the urine. This is a common symptom of bladder and kidney infections. 

Hematuria

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Many different pathogens are responsible for cystitis: 
- *Escherichia coli*
- *Proteus vulgaris*
- *Psuedomonas aeruginosa*
- *Klebsiella pneumoniae*
- *Staphylococcus saprophyticus*
- *Enterococcus faecalis*
- *Streptococcus agalactiae*

Pathogens causing Cystitis

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Symptoms of Cystitis

Testing for cystitis involves urine culture test strips that test for the presence of nitrate which is evident of *E. coli* or *K. pneumonia*. Leukocyte esterases are also tested for to see if there are white blood cells in the urine. This indicates an active infection.

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