Concept

The Allegory of Divine Presence and Devotional Integrity in the Tale of the Circumambulating Woman

In Farid al-Din Attar's Elahi Nameh, the tale of the woman circumambulating the Kaaba and the man who looks at her serves as an allegory for the necessity of absolute concentration and sincerity in worship. When the man is distracted by her beauty during the sacred ritual of Tawaf, the woman—acting as a voice of spiritual wisdom—reproaches him for his spiritual blindness. She points out the hypocrisy of focusing on a mortal creature in a place dedicated to the Creator, highlighting the central Sufi concept of Divine watchfulness (muraqabah). She emphasizes that God is perpetually observant of the seeker's actions and inner state (pivasteh nazir), while the seeker's heart is heedless and absent (ghayib). Through this story, Attar teaches that true devotion requires transcending worldly distractions and maintaining a constant awareness of the omnipresent Divine.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course