Concept
The Allegory of Fudayl ibn Iyad and the Struggle with the Nafs in Mosibat Nameh
In this allegory from Attar's Mosibat Nameh, the Sufi mystic Fudayl ibn Iyad explains that he does not envy prophets or angels, but rather those who were never born. This highlights the severe difficulty of overcoming the carnal self (nafs), presenting non-existence as preferable to spiritual ruin caused by the ego.
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Updated 2026-07-03
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course